Considering the importance of implementing monetary policy in any economy, its impact on the main economic variables, including production, is very crucial. This paper examines and analyzes the effects of positive and negative monetary shocks on production in Iran using the MS-DSGE model during the period of 1979-2004. The results of this study indicate that positive and negative monetary policies in the recession periods, as well as boom periods, have asymmetric effects on the growth of domestic production. The effect of positive and negative monetary shocks on production is higher during the recession than during the boom. Generally, the monetary shocks are more effective during the boom than the recession. Accordingly, it is suggested that to achieve the economic goals policymakers should implement their policies during the economic recessions.

This paper introduces Markov-switching (MS) GARCH processes for capturing the skewness in the distribution of financial time series. The model class is motivated by the fact that empirical return distributions characterized by significant asymmetries, but the generic assumption of return distributions is Normal. The out of sample performance of symmetric and asymmetric MS GARCH models is compared in an application to Tehran exchange price index (Tepix). Finally, to put the Regime-switching models into perspective, we add to the list of competitors a popular model which may serve as a benchmark, i.e., the single–regime GARCH (1, 1). It turns out that asymmetric MS GARCH processes perform best overall.

Price volatility and volatility regime switching of Iranian important livestock markets are modeled using hay, sheep, calf, mutton, and beef monthly return series over the period of April 1992 to March 2014, using Markov-switching generalized autoregressive conditional hetroscedastisity models. The results suggest the existence of two volatility regimes in all studied markets and frequently switching from one regime to another all except for hay. Hay market is the most homogeneous market in terms of volatility regime switching while mutton market is the most variable one. According to results, although the high volatility regime lasts less than low volatility regime, persictency of high volatility regime (at least 5 month) in producer and retailer meat markets and frequently switching from one regime to another lead to uncertainty of investing in meat production. It also leads to unpredictability of market condition and variability of consumer’s welfare.

In this paper trensients data wave obtained by simulation of a real 20kv distribution feeder using EMTP. Wavelet transform is used for the decomposition of signals. Feature extraction and principal analysis (PCA) are applied for feature vector reduction, and Bayes classifier is used for classification of data. Wavelet coefficients are used for the classification of transients. Results show that the proposed method is efficient for detection of transients.

Every investor pays special attention to the main factor in their decisions: a return. What is essential for users of financial information is not the procedures and principles used in accounting, but the exit from the financial system, because it helps them achieve their goals. Many capital market concerns focus on accounting and auditing operations. Therefore, the auditor's independence is the basis of public trust in the audit process and the assurance of auditors` reports. For this purpose, this study investigates the effect of auditor switching on abnormal returns. Therefore, three hypotheses have been formulated, and a sample consisting of 365 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2010 to 2020 has been selected. The results indicate that auditor switching has no significant effect on abnormal returns. Also, between the CU switch and CD switch, the CD switch has a negative and significant effect on abnormal returns.

Some of the figures of speech in Persian language are those that show the rhetorical value of the bilingualism. Tarjema (translation), Molama (bilingual poem), Dhuloghatayn (readable by two languge), Eghtebas (borrowing), Darj (insertion), are these figures of speech. Unfortunately, in rhetorical sources and books, the aesthetic values of these figures have not been explained. However, the aesthetic aspects of these figures can be shown through several theories that discuss code switching; considering the fact that some of the theories are commonly used in literature and literary criticism. Therefore, in this essay, it is shown that from these figures, Eghtebas (borrowing) has a higher literary value and importance than others. Moreover, the literary significance of this figure is revealed through several theories.

Background and Aim: Over the last few years, concept of platform switching has gained popularity for reducing degree of crestal bone resorption. Many researchers believe that, this theory can be used for improving stress distribution in implant-bone interface. The purpose of this three dimensional Finite Element Analysis (FEA) was to study and compare stress distribution in implant-bone interface and implant-abutment interface of 3i implants (Biomet 3i, USA) in mandibular molar area.Materials & Methods: For this FEA, computed tomography (CT) images of an adult human mandible was used to make the three-dimensional model of posterior edentulous mandible. The implant systems which used was the 3i system consisted of 3i fixtures: 4 and 5 mm in diameter and 11.5 mm in length, and 3i Certain abutment 4.1 and 5mm (Biomet 3i, USA). This implant systems were assembled on the mandible model in 3 different designs: a platform-switched configuration; MODEL 4: 4-mm 3i fixture, 4.1-mm abutment; MODEL 5: 5-mm 3i fixture, 5-mm abutment; MODEL 6: 5-mm 3i fixture, 4.1-mm abutment, a platform-switched configuration. A linear static analysis was performed on the prepared 3D solid models with two different oblique load of 100 and 250 N in the lingobuccal direction with 15 degrees of inclination on the center of the abutment.Results: Regardless of the implant system used, maximum Von Mises stresses in cortical bone around implants were lower in platform switched models compared to matching diameter implant-abutment. This effect was not related to the usage of larger implant diameters in these models. However, Von Mises stresses in implant-abutment interface were the lowest in models with larger implant diameter. Conclusion: The platform switching technique reduces the stress concentration in the area of crestal bone-implant interface and shifted it to the area of implant-abutment interface. In the present study, this stress reduction was not.